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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glonucsec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Глобальная ядерная безопасность</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Global Nuclear Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-414X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2499-9733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26583/gns-2021-02-06</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glonucsec-80</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ АТОМНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATION OF FACILITIES NUCLEAR INDUSTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ДИАПАЗОНА СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЗАПАСА РЕАКТИВНОСТИ В РЕАКТОРАХ С ВОДОЙ ПОД ДАВЛЕНИЕМ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ЦИРКОНИЕВЫХ ВЫТЕСНИТЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ УРАНОВОГО И ТОРИЕВОГО ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЦИКЛОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Study of Spectral Regulation Range of Excess Reactivity Control in Pressurized Water Reactors Using Zirconium Displacers for Uranium and Thorium Fuel Cycles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-2634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Элазака</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elazaka</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aielazaka@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9309-5616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савандер</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savander</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">savander@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5332-7272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомиров</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirov</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gvtikhomirov@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Аль-Азхар</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Al-Azhar University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Элазака А.И., Савандер В.И., Тихомиров Г.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Элазака А.И., Савандер В.И., Тихомиров Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Elazaka A.I., Savander V.I., Tikhomirov G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://glonucsec.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/80">https://glonucsec.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/80</self-uri><abstract><p>Компенсация избыточной реактивности в реакторах с водой под давлением типа ВВЭР осуществляется с помощью сильных поглотителей нейтронов. Это приводит к непроизводительному использованию нейтронов, снижению коэффициента воспроизводства и выгорания топлива. В настоящей работе рассматривается один из способов спектрального регулирования запаса реактивности на выгорание путем изменения водо-топливного отношения в процессе выгорания. Для изменения водо-топливного отношения используются цилиндрические пустотелые стержни из циркония, внедряемые в межтвэльное пространство ТВС. Расчетные исследования проведены для уран-ториевой топливной загрузки на основе урана-233. Оценен диапазон изменения водо-топливного отношения в зависимости от диаметра внедряемых пустотелых циркониевых стержней. Проведено сравнение с аналогичными расчетами для уранового топлива при условии одинакового весового содержания делящихся изотопов (3.7%). Исследованы концентрации топливных сырьевых и делящихся изотопов в обоих топливных циклах. В топливном цикле Th-U233 при снижении водо-топливного отношения коэффициент накопления делящихся изотопов может достигать 0,75. Проведено сравнение изменения концентрации продуктов деления в обоих топливных циклах. Для всех рассматриваемых значений водо-топливного отношения оценены температурные коэффициенты реактивности по температуре топлива и замедлителя и вес управляющих стержней. Параметры безопасности в топливном цикле Th-U233 имеют более высокие значения, чем в топливном цикле UO2. Показано, что при одинаковых весовых содержаниях делящегося изотопа в топливе, при внедрении пустотелых Zr-стержней диапазон изменения реактивности больше для топливного цикла с UO2 по сравнению с его эффектом в топливном цикле Th-U233.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The compensation for the excess reactivity in the pressurized water reactors WWER is realized with high neutron absorber materials. The traditional excess reactivity regulation methods lead to unfeasible neutron utilization and reduce the breeding coefficient and fuel burnup. In the current work, the change of moderator-to-fuel ratio is investigated as one of the spectral regulation methods for excess reactivity control and its effect on the fuel burnup. Cylindrical Zirconium rods (Zr rods) are used to fulfill the moderator-to-fuel ratio change. The Zr rods are placed between fuel rods in WWER-1000 fuel assembly. The current work calculations are performed for the thorium fuel cycle (Th-U233). The change of the Zr rods diameter leads to the variation in moderator-to-fuel ratio. A comparison between the Zr rods as a reactivity regulator in WWER-1000 fuel assembly for both fuel cycles UO2 and Th-U233. The concentration of the fertile and fissile fuel components for both fuel cycles has been analyzed. The fissile isotopes accumulation coefficient can reach 0.75 with the decrease of the moderator-to-fuel ratio in the Th-U233 fuel cycle. The primary safety parameters such as the Control rods worth, Doppler Effect reactivity coefficient, and Moderator Temperature reactivity Coefficient have been studied at different moderator-to-fuel ratio values. The safety parameters in the Th-U233 fuel cycle have higher values more than the UO2 fuel cycle with the insertion of Zr rods. From the comparison between the Zr rods effect in both fuel cycles, it is clearly shown that Zr rods in the UO2 fuel cycle have a more influential role in regulating the WWER-1000 core reactivity compared with its effect in the Th-U233 fuel cycle.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Вытеснители воды</kwd><kwd>коэффициенты реактивности</kwd><kwd>ВВЭР-1000</kwd><kwd>ториевый топливный цикл</kwd><kwd>запас реактивности</kwd><kwd>спектральное регулирование реактивности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>water displacers</kwd><kwd>reactivity coefficients</kwd><kwd>WWER-1000</kwd><kwd>thorium fuel cycle</kwd><kwd>excess reactivity</kwd><kwd>spectral reactivity regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campolina D. et al. Parametric Study of Enriched Gadolinium in Burnable Neutron Poison Fuel Rods for Angra-2 // Ann. Nucl. Energy. 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